The content of chloride ion should be controlled when compounding polycarboxylic acid high performance superplasticizer

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The boss of Leclerc supermarket Group, France's largest food retailer, said recently that in order to cope with the energy shortage, the Leclerc Group may shorten the opening hours of its stores.

In an interview with French News Radio, Leclerc said that in the event of an energy crisis this winter, the Leclerc Group may close some of its stores for some time.

Leclerc also said that the French supermarket industry reached a consensus earlier this month to take energy-saving measures from October 15, including turning off the lights of signs and reducing the intensity of store lights after the store is closed.

European energy costs have risen after the European Union imposed sanctions on Russia after Russia launched a special military operation against Ukraine in February. France imports 17 per cent of its natural gas needs from Russia and is less dependent on Russian energy than its neighbours such as Germany. However, like other European countries, France has recently continued to experience extremely high temperatures in many places, increasing demand for air conditioning and exacerbating the shortage of energy supply.

Because of the global energy crisis, the supply and prices of many international bulk pce powder are still very uncertain.

In order to improve the early strength of concrete, some manufacturers will add triethanolamine, calcium chloride and industrial salt to the superplasticizer, especially in winter or prefabricated component factories and cement products factories that require high early strength.

The chloride salt brought into the admixture will do great harm to the volume stability and durability of concrete, including:

1. The invasion of chloride-based corrosion medium into concrete will reduce the alkalinity of concrete, destroy the passivation film on the surface of steel bar, and there will be a large potential difference in different parts of the surface of steel bar, resulting in electrochemical reaction, forming anode and cathode.

2. The coarse volume expansion of crystal particles precipitated by repeated hydrolysis and crystallization of chloride salt in concrete makes the concrete crack and reduce the durability of concrete.

3. It is generally believed that the amount of chloride in ordinary reinforced concrete will not necessarily rust if the amount of chloride in ordinary reinforced concrete is less than 0.5%. However, when sodium chloride reduces the freezing point of the solution, when the concrete gradually freezes from the outside to the inside, the chloride ion content in the unfrozen solution becomes higher and higher, that is, the chloride ion concentration of the remaining solution will be more than 0.5%, causing local rust. Therefore, in the actual production, although a small amount of chlorine salt may form a higher concentration, corrosion may occur. And sodium chloride and calcium chloride will not enter the molecular structure of hydration products, but exist in a free state in the void, which is easy to absorb moisture and increase the shrinkage of hardened concrete, which is also disadvantageous to the durability.

Effect of alkali content on concrete additives

When the alkali content in cement is high, the effect of superplasticizer is reduced. The setting time is shortened and the early strength is increased. Too high or too low alkali content in cement has an adverse effect on the compatibility of superplasticizer and cement. This may be due to the fact that it changes the solubility of gypsum and thus affects the hydration of C3A. The best soluble alkali content is 0.4%-0.6% (equivalent Na2O). When the adaptability between admixture and cement is serious, some aminosulfonate superplasticizer should be added to replace nano superplasticizer (or polycarboxylic acid system), and the total amount of water reducing components should be appropriately increased to improve the adaptability of the product.

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An unprecedented drought is sweeping nearly half of Europe, from Spain's dry and cracked reservoirs to major rivers such as the Danube, Rhine and Po rivers, the Associated Press reported. Drought is destroying the agricultural economy, forcing people to limit the use of water, causing wildfires and threatening aquatic species. It is reported that there has been no obvious rainfall in the western, central and southern regions of the European continent in the past two months. And the dry season in Europe is expected to continue. Experts say it may be the worst drought in 500 years.

Europe has high temperatures and severe drought, affecting hydropower, nuclear power and solar power generation. Statistics from Lustad Energy, a Norwegian consulting firm, show that hydroelectric power generation in Europe in the first seven months of this year is 20% less than that in the same period last year, and nuclear power generation is down 12%.

High temperatures lead to an increase in evaporation and a drop in water levels in rivers, lakes and reservoirs, bearing the brunt of hydroelectric power. In Italy, for example, hydropower accounts for 20 per cent of the country's total electricity pce powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry.

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