Single layer of carbon atoms "torn" out with tape first graphene

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When talking about graphene, we need to initially mention the natural mineral graphite that is commonly present in our day-to-day live.

As an allotrope of carbon, graphite is a layered product, and the carbon atoms inside graphite are organized layer by layer. Carbon atoms in the exact same layer "hold hands" and are very closely connected, but the combination of carbon atoms in between various layers is loose, like a pile of playing cards. With a mild push, the cards will move apart.

From the point of view of chemical framework, graphite is a transitional crystal between atomic crystals, steel crystals and molecular crystals. In the crystal, carbon atoms in the same layer type covalent bonds with sp2 hybridization, each carbon atom is linked to three various other carbon atoms, and 6 carbon atoms form a regular hexagonal ring on the exact same plane, stretching to develop a sheet framework.

If graphite is a pile of playing cards, after that graphene is one of the cards in this stack of playing cards. Graphene is a two-dimensional product composed of a solitary layer of carbon atoms. Stacking graphene layer by layer is graphite. A 1 mm thick graphite contains concerning 3 million layers of graphene.

Although graphene exists in nature, it is hard to remove a solitary layer framework.

More than 20 years ago, Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov, researchers at the University of Manchester in the UK, thought that there have to be a method to acquire a solitary layer of graphite.

Exactly how can a single layer of graphite be removed? Scientists took a really "easy and unrefined" approach - sticking it with tape.

"Just like when we compose a typo theoretically, we will stick the typo with tape." Based upon this, scientists boldly connect that if tape can adhere to the surface area of paper, can it additionally stay with layers of graphite?

In the experiment, researchers stuck both sides of pyrolytic graphite flakes to an unique tape, and tore off the tape, the graphite sheet was split right into 2. Although the density of graphite at this time is still far from that of a solitary layer of graphite, scientists have actually validated the feasibility of this technique - each time the tape is used, the graphite becomes thinner. By demanding using this "mechanical exfoliation approach" to duplicate the procedure, they ultimately got a slim sheet containing only one layer of carbon atoms, which is graphene.

Nevertheless, this technique of repeatedly scrubing graphite sheets with tape to get graphene has low manufacturing effectiveness and can just be used to prepare micron-thick graphene, and can not be mass-produced industrially.

Later on, with the improvement of scientific and technical levels, the preparation technique of graphene has actually likewise made terrific development. At present, along with this typical physical and mechanical exfoliation technique, there are additionally several techniques for preparing graphene, such as redox method, solvent peeling approach, chemical vapor deposition, and so on

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